Theory Y vs Theory X ?

McGregor developed two theories of human behaviour at work: Theory and X and Theory Y.

He did not imply that workers would be one type or the other. Rather, he saw the two theories as two extremes - with a whole spectrum of possible behaviours in between.

Theory X workers could be described as follows:

- Individuals who dislike work and avoid it where possible

- Individuals who lack ambition, dislike responsibility and prefer to be led

- Individuals who desire security

The management implications for Theory X workers were that, to achieve organisational objectives, a business would need to impose a management system of coercion, control and punishment.

Theory Y workers were characterised as:

- Consider effort at work as just like rest or play

- Ordinary people who do not dislike work. Depending on the working conditions, work could be considered a source of satisfaction or punishment.

- Individuals who seek responsibility (if they are motivated )

The management implications for Theory X workers are that, to achieve organisational objectives, rewards of varying kinds are likely to be the most popular motivator. 

The challenge for management with Theory Y workers is to create a working environment (or culture) where workers can show and develop their creativity.

The fact of the matter is that we need both Theory X and Theory Y in our lives to solve all kinds of managerial problems. It is up to us to decide which theory to adopt and what are its implications.

We must adopt our strategy very wisely after analysing every scenario, and act justly.